Distribution of Bengal Florican in the world, Bengal Florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis) is distributed across two isolated populations. Houbaropsis bengalensis bengalensis is found in South Asia, specifically in the Terai region of Nepal and India. The second subspecies, Houbaropsis bengalensis blandini, is found in Southeast Asia, primarily in Cambodia.
In South Asia, the Bengal Florican was historically widespread across the Gangetic and Brahmaputra plains south of the Himalayas, ranging from the Kumaon Terai of Uttar Pradesh through Bihar and southern Nepal to northern West Bengal, as well as the foothills and plains of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Today, it is considered one of the rarest bustard species.